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sábado, 4 de julio de 2020

Adjectives – gradable and non-gradable

Adjectives in English can be both gradable and non-gradable. This means that there are adjectives that we are allowed to emphasize to a greater or lesser extent.   We took this post from:
British Council, available in: https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/grammar/intermediate-to-upper-intermediate/adjectives-gradable-and-non-gradable

Do you know how to use adjectives in phrases like a bit coldreally cold and absolutely freezing?



Look at these examples to see how gradable and non-gradable adjectives are used.
It's really cold.
It's absolutely freezing.
This exercise is really difficult.
This exercise is completely impossible.
Grammar explanation 
Gradable adjectives

Most adjectives are gradable. This means we can have different levels of that quality. For example, you can be a bit coldvery cold or extremely cold. We can make them weaker or stronger with modifiers:
She was quite angry when she found out.
The film we saw last night was really funny!
It can be extremely cold in Russia in the winter.
Here is a list of some common gradable adjectives and some modifiers that we can use with them.
Modifiers
a little/a bit →
pretty/quite →
really/very →
extremely
Adjectives
angrybigboringcheap, coldexpensivefrightening, funnyhotinterestingoldprettysmalltastytired, etc.
Non-gradable: absolute adjectives
Some adjectives are non-gradable. For example, something can't be a bit finished or very finished. You can't be a bit dead or very dead. These adjectives describe absolute qualities. To make them stronger we have to use modifiers like absolutelytotally or completely:
Thank you, I love it! It's absolutely perfect!
Their farm was totally destroyed by a tornado.
My work is completely finished. Now I can relax.
Here is a list of some common absolute adjectives and some modifiers that we can use with
them.

Modifiers
absolutely/totally/completely
Adjectives
acceptable, dead, destroyed, finished, free, impossible, necessary, perfect,
 ruined,  unacceptable, etc.

Non-gradable: extreme adjectives
Adjectives like amazingawful and boiling are also non-gradable. They already contain the idea of 'very' in their definitions. If we want to make extreme adjectives stronger, we have to use absolutely or really:
Did you see the final match? It was absolutely amazing!
After 32 hours of travelling, they were absolutely exhausted.
My trip home was really awful. First, traffic was really bad, then the car broke down and we had to walk home in the rain.
Here is a list of some common extreme adjectives and some modifiers that we can use with them.
Modifiers
absolutely/really
Adjectives
amazing, ancient, awful, boiling, delicious, enormous, excellent, exhausted, fascinating, freezing, gorgeous, terrible,    
terrifying, tiny, etc.

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