British Council, available in: https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/grammar/intermediate-to-upper-intermediate/adjectives-gradable-and-non-gradable
Do you know how to use adjectives in phrases like a bit cold, really cold and absolutely freezing?
Look at these examples to see how gradable and
non-gradable adjectives are used.
It's really cold.
It's absolutely freezing.
This exercise is really difficult.
This exercise is completely impossible.
It's absolutely freezing.
This exercise is really difficult.
This exercise is completely impossible.
Grammar explanation
Gradable adjectives
Most adjectives
are gradable. This means we can have different levels of that quality. For
example, you can be a bit cold, very cold or extremely
cold. We can make them weaker or stronger with modifiers:
She was quite angry when she found out.
The film we saw last night was really funny!
It can be extremely cold in Russia in the winter.
The film we saw last night was really funny!
It can be extremely cold in Russia in the winter.
Here is a list
of some common gradable adjectives and some modifiers that we can use with them.
Non-gradable:
absolute adjectives
Modifiers
|
a little/a bit →
|
pretty/quite →
|
really/very →
|
extremely
|
Adjectives
|
angry, big, boring, cheap,
cold, expensive, frightening, funny, hot, interesting, old, pretty, small, tasty, tired,
etc.
|
Some adjectives
are non-gradable. For example, something can't be a bit finished or very
finished. You can't be a bit dead or very dead.
These adjectives describe absolute qualities. To make them stronger we
have to use modifiers like absolutely, totally or completely:
Thank you, I love it! It's absolutely perfect!
Their farm was totally destroyed by a tornado.
My work is completely finished. Now I can relax.
Their farm was totally destroyed by a tornado.
My work is completely finished. Now I can relax.
Here is a list
of some common absolute adjectives and some modifiers that we can use with
Non-gradable: extreme adjectives
them.
Modifiers
|
absolutely/totally/completely
|
Adjectives
|
acceptable, dead, destroyed, finished, free, impossible, necessary, perfect,
ruined, unacceptable,
etc.
|
Adjectives
like amazing, awful and boiling are
also non-gradable. They already contain the idea of 'very' in their
definitions. If we want to make extreme adjectives stronger, we have to
use absolutely or really:
Did you see the final match? It was absolutely amazing!
After 32 hours of travelling, they were absolutely exhausted.
My trip home was really awful. First, traffic was really bad, then the car broke down and we had to walk home in the rain.
After 32 hours of travelling, they were absolutely exhausted.
My trip home was really awful. First, traffic was really bad, then the car broke down and we had to walk home in the rain.
Here is a list
of some common extreme adjectives and some modifiers that we can use with them.
Modifiers
|
absolutely/really
|
Adjectives
|
amazing, ancient, awful, boiling, delicious, enormous,
excellent, exhausted, fascinating, freezing, gorgeous, terrible,
terrifying, tiny, etc.
|
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